SCIENCE | There is rising concern that the COVID-19 pandemic could ultimately lead to a surge in antibiotic-resistant bacteria—a concern serious enough that the US Department of Defense (DOD) is assembling a group of at least 10 medical centers to study secondary bacterial and fungal infections in COVID-19 patients and the antibiotics being used to prevent them. Recent studies show that nearly all serious cases of COVID-19 are treated with antibiotics. Many COVID-19 patients die of secondary infections rather than the virus itself, growing evidence suggests. And there is evidence that some secondary infections are caused by drug-resistant bacteria.